✅作者简介热爱科研的Matlab仿真开发者擅长毕业设计辅导、数学建模、数据处理、建模仿真、程序设计、完整代码获取、论文复现及科研仿真。 往期回顾关注个人主页Matlab科研工作室 关注我领取海量matlab电子书和数学建模资料个人信条做科研博学之、审问之、慎思之、明辨之、笃行之是为博学慎思明辨笃行。 内容介绍一、六冲程内燃机循环基础定义六冲程内燃机在传统四冲程的基础上新增2个冲程曲轴旋转3周、活塞完成6次往复运动核心利用燃烧余热喷水汽化实现二次做功主流分为注水余热型和无注水扫气型两类其中克劳尔(Crower)注水式六冲程是热力学建模的核心研究对象。冲程1进气冲程活塞下行进气门开启油气混合气进入气缸冲程2压缩冲程活塞上行进排气门全关压缩混合气至点火压力冲程3燃油做功冲程火花塞点火燃气膨胀推动活塞下行输出动力冲程4一次排气冲程活塞上行排气门开启排出高温废气冲程5注水汽化做功冲程向炽热气缸喷水水瞬间汽化膨胀二次做功冲程6二次排气冲程活塞上行排出全部水蒸气与残余废气二、完整热力学建模方案一维整机热力学系统建模仿真工具选型优先使用内燃机行业标准工具GT-SUITE也可选用AVL Boost、Ricardo Wave完成循环标定、喷水量优化、油耗与效率计算核心部件搭建依次构建气缸、曲轴连杆机构、进排气歧管、喷油器、缸内喷水模块、储水与冷凝回收系统关键参数定义明确缸径、行程、压缩比、排量等几何参数定义空气、汽油、液态水、水蒸气四种工质设置转速、环境温压等边界条件配气相位自定义以曲轴3圈为一个完整循环自定义气门升程曲线精准匹配6个冲程的气门开闭时序这是建模的核心难点水喷射模型设置定义喷射时刻、喷水量、水滴粒径、喷射压力调用软件内置多相流蒸发模型计算水吸热汽化的完整过程求解输出运行后得到缸内瞬时压力、温度、循环功、有效热效率、油耗等核心指标输出P-V示功图、缸压-曲轴转角曲线三维缸内精细CFD建模仿真工具选型使用ANSYS Fluent、CONVERGE或AVL Fire完成缸内流动、喷雾汽化的高精度仿真核心建模内容设置动网格模拟活塞往复运动精准计算水喷雾在高温缸内的蒸发速率、水蒸气分布同时模拟混合气燃烧、废气余热传递、气门换气的全流程多物理场耦合拓展可搭配有限元工具完成缸体热应力、热变形、润滑系统的耦合仿真分析冷热交变应力对缸体材料的影响Matlab/Simulink 学术建模方案搭建零维双区热力学模型自定义6冲程循环的热力学子模块分别定义燃油燃烧放热、水的汽化相变、余热回收的数学方程编写m文件实现循环迭代计算输出完整的示功图、热效率变化曲线适合快速验证理论假设、开展算法层面的优化研究⛳️ 运行结果 部分代码% parameters for the Main_engine.m script%% Angle convention for 6-stroke:% phi 0 deg : TDC1 (start of Stroke A)% Strokes (each 180°):% A: 0–180 intake (head intake valve) [long stroke]% B: 180–360 compression #1 [long stroke]% C: 360–540 combustion/expansion #1 ( late EVO) [long stroke]% D: 540–720 scavengemix compression #2 [short stroke]% E: 720–900 combustion/expansion #2 [short stroke]% F: 900–1080 exhaust (head exhaust valve) [long stroke]% -------------------------------------------------------------------------% Bart Blockmans, 2024 - bartblockmans.net% -------------------------------------------------------------------------% % OPERATING CONDITIONS ENGINE LAYOUT% params.N_rpm 2000; % Engine speed [rpm]params.N_cyl 1; % Number of cylinders [-]% % GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS% % Parameters used in simulation% -------------------------------------------------------------------------params.B 100; % cylinder bore [mm]params.Rr 100; % ring gear pitch radius [mm]params.Rp 60; % planet gear pitch radius [mm]params.mn 4; % Normal modulus gears [mm]params.delta 20; % offset of connecting rod [mm]params.L 200; % lenth of connecting rod [mm]params.Vc 8e4; % clearance volume (at highest TDC) [mm³]params.psi0 pi/2; % body-fixed angle of connecting rod [rad]% Parameters used for animation% -------------------------------------------------------------------------params.H 60; % total piston height [mm]params.Hc 5; % cylinder clearance height [mm]params.Rcw 80; % counter weight crank shaft radius [mm]params.Rc 100; % top of the cylinder radius [mm]params.Ds 30; % crank shaft diameter [mm]params.Do 224; % ring gear outside diameter [mm]params.Di 96; % planet gear inside diameter [mm]params.to 10; % rim thickness ring gear [mm]params.tw 15; % wall thickness cylinder [mm]params.Rcra 12.5; % crank shaft radius [mm]params.Rcr1 20; % connecting rod large radius [mm]params.Rcr2 10; % connecting rod small radius [mm]params.Rpis 10; % piston hinge radius [mm]params.yb 330; % igniter mount height [mm]params.bb 20; % igniter height [mm]% % FLAT-SIX ENGINE LAYOUT% % Cylinder offset angles (from 180° spacing)params.cyl_offset [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; % [deg, deg, deg, deg, deg, deg]% % MANIFOLDS SCAVENGE PORT PARAMETERS% params.p_int 1.05e5; % intake plenum [Pa]params.T_int 315; % intake temp [K]params.p_exh 1.15e5; % exhaust plenum [Pa]params.T_exh 800; % exhaust temp [K]params.p_scav 1.20e5; % scavenge supply [Pa] (can be boosted)params.T_scav 320; % scavenge temp [K]params.p_crank 1.00e5; % crankcase (for net piston force)% % FUEL, CHEMISTRY SPLIT BETWEEN BURNS% params.LHV 44e6; % gasoline-like [J/kg]params.AFR_st 14.7; % stoichiometric air/fuel (mass) [-]params.YO2_air 0.232; % O2 mass fraction in air [-]params.YO2_exh 0.00; % O2 fraction in exhaust plenum [-]params.eta_comb1 0.97; % combustion efficiency burn #1 [-]params.eta_comb2 0.97; % combustion efficiency burn #2 [-]params.mdot_fuel 4.5e-4; % [kg/s] per cylinderparams.fuel_split 0.70; % fraction to burn #1 (rest to burn #2) [-]% Compute O2 required for stoichiometric combustionparams.nu_O2 params.AFR_st * params.YO2_air; % ~3.41 kgO2/kg fuel% % COMBUSTION TIMING (WIEBE PER BURN)% % Burn #1 (stroke C: 360–540°)params.soc1 345; % start of combustion #1 [deg]params.dur1 45; % duration #1 [deg]params.m1 2.0; % Wiebe mparams.a1 6.9; % Wiebe a (~99% mass-fraction burned)% Burn #2 (stroke E: 720–900°)params.soc2 725; % start of combustion #2 [deg]params.dur2 40; % duration #2 [deg]params.m2 2.0; % Wiebe mparams.a2 6.9; % Wiebe a% % VALVE PORT TIMING GEOMETRY% % Head intake valve (stroke A)params.IVO_A -20; % (wraps to 1060) open just before 0params.IVC_A 140; % closes well before 180params.D_int 0.032; % inlet diameter [m]params.Lift_int 0.008; % inlet lift [m]params.Cd_int 0.80; % discharge coefficient for inlet% Head exhaust valve: late blowdown in C full exhaust in F% Split into two windows: C blowdown and F exhaust (kept closed during D,E)params.EVO_C1 440; % open blowdown late in Cparams.EVC_C1 580; % close before scavenge / compression-2params.EVO_F1 900; % open for exhaust stroke Fparams.EVC_F1 1080; % close at end of cycleparams.D_exh 0.027; % exhaust diameter [m]params.Lift_exh 0.007; % exhaust lift [m]params.Cd_exh 0.80; % discharge coefficient for exhaust% Scavenge ports: around BDC2 into early D (540–660)% params.SP_open 480; % open at BDC2 (automatically computed)% params.SP_close 600; % close early in D (automatically computed)params.SP_perim 0.140; % total perimeter of port windows [m]params.SP_hmax 0.009; % max effective port height [m]params.Cd_scav 0.85; % discharge coefficient for ports% % GAS PROPERTIES HEAT TRANSFER% % Gas propertiesparams.R_mix 287; % air-like gas constant [J/(kg K)]params.cp 1005; % constant specific heat capacity [J/(kg K)]% Woschni heat-transfer coefficientsparams.C1_wosch 3.26; % correlation constant (SI units, p in bar)params.C2_wosch 6.18; % pseudo-velocity constantparams.T_wall 450; % average wall temperature [K]% Adiabatic indexparams.gamma params.cp/(params.cp - params.R_mix); % gamma cp/cv% % SCAVENGE ALGEBRAIC MODEL PARAMETERS% % Trapping efficiency for fresh scavenge air (fraction of inflow that stays)params.eta_tr 0.90; % 0.8–0.95 typical with good uniflow% Residual displacement efficiency: additional mass expelled per unit trapped inflowparams.eta_mix 0.35; % 0.2–0.5 (tunes residual removal without CFD)% Under-relaxation for burn-2 O2 cap between cyclesparams.lambda2_relax 0.5; % relaxation factor [-]% % NUMERICAL PARAMETERS% params.maxCycles 100; % maximum number of cycles to iterateparams.cycleTol 1e-3; % convergence tolerance on state norm [Pa kg]params.phiSpan [0 1080]; % crank-angle span [deg]params.phiGrid linspace(0,1080,2161); % desired output grid [deg] (0.5 deg)% % FULL ENGINE PARAMETERS% % Mass and inertiaparams.mp 0.65; % Piston mass, including conrod [kg]params.mpg 1.2; % Planetary gear mass [kg]params.Jp 1.5e-3; % Planetary gear inertia [kg·m^2]params.Jc 0.15; % Carrier inertia [kg·m^2]params.Jo 0.045; % Output side inertia [kg·m^2]% Gear meshparams.k_mesh_avg 2.5e7; % Average mesh stiffness along LOA [N/m]params.k_mesh_amp 0.25e7; % 1st-order amplitude mesh stiffness [N/m]params.c_mesh 2.0e2; % Mesh damping along LOA [Ns/m]% Dual-mass flywheel (DMF)params.k_dmf 3.0e4; % DMF torsional stiffness [Nm/rad]params.c_dmf 10; % DMF torsional damping [Nms/rad]params.phi_dmf0 0; % DMF preload [rad]% Pre-DMF losses (engine friction accessories)params.loss.T_fric_const 10; % constant friction [N·m]params.loss.T_fric_visc 0.02; % viscous friction [N·m·s]params.loss.T_acc_const 2; % accessory drag [N·m]params.loss.T_acc_visc 0.01; % accessory viscous drag [N·m·s]% DMF simulation controlsparams.sim.n_cycles_dmf 4; % number of 1080° windows to settle DMFparams.sim.ode_rel_tol 1e-5; % relative tolerance for ODE solverparams.sim.ode_abs_tol 1e-5; % absolute tolerance for ODE solverparams.sim.ode_max_step 1e-3; % maximum step size for ODE solver [s]params.sim.ode_show_progress true;% % ANIMATION PARAMETERS% % Number of framesparams.nf_anim 100;% Line widthparams.LW 1.5;% Colorsparams.colors.cyl [186 197 204] / 255; % Cylinder colorparams.colors.rod [204 203 172] / 255; % Connecting rod colorparams.colors.cw [159 163 130] / 255; % Counterweight colorparams.colors.gear [112 146 190] / 255; % Planet gear body colorparams.colors.pis [119 114 113] / 255; % Piston colorparams.colors.cham [202 208 234] / 255; % Chamber underneath piston colorparams.colors.valve [215 245 246] / 255; % Valve colorparams.colors.boog [149 142 141] / 255; % Boogie colorparams.colors.cam [186 197 204] / 255; % Cam colorparams.colors.man [202 208 234] / 255; % Empty manifold color% Particle simulationparams.particles.anim 0; % Animate particles? 1 yesparams.particles.np 200; % # particles regular intakeparams.particles.np_scav 120; % # particles per scavenge portparams.particles.phi_A 0.2; % target area fraction of particles in cavityparams.particles.speedRms 10; % RMS of initial velocity distribution [m/s]params.particles.contactP 1; % Contact between particles? 1 yes 参考文献更多创新智能优化算法模型和应用场景可扫描关注机器学习/深度学习类BP、SVM、RVM、DBN、LSSVM、ELM、KELM、HKELM、DELM、RELM、DHKELM、RF、SAE、LSTM、BiLSTM、GRU、BiGRU、PNN、CNN、XGBoost、LightGBM、TCN、BiTCN、ESN、Transformer、模糊小波神经网络、宽度学习等等均可~方向涵盖风电预测、光伏预测、电池寿命预测、辐射源识别、交通流预测、负荷预测、股价预测、PM2.5浓度预测、电池健康状态预测、用电量预测、水体光学参数反演、NLOS信号识别、地铁停车精准预测、变压器故障诊断组合预测类CNN/TCN/BiTCN/DBN/Transformer/Adaboost结合SVM、RVM、ELM、LSTM、BiLSTM、GRU、BiGRU、Attention机制类等均可可任意搭配非常新颖~分解类EMD、EEMD、VMD、REMD、FEEMD、TVFEMD、CEEMDAN、ICEEMDAN、SVMD、FMD、JMD等分解模型均可~路径规划类旅行商问题TSP、车辆路径问题VRP、MVRP、CVRP、VRPTW等、无人机三维路径规划、无人机协同、无人机编队、机器人路径规划、栅格地图路径规划、多式联运运输问题、 充电车辆路径规划EVRP、 双层车辆路径规划2E-VRP、 油电混合车辆路径规划、 船舶航迹规划、 全路径规划规划、 仓储巡逻、公交车时间调度、水库调度优化、多式联运优化等等~小众优化类生产调度、经济调度、装配线调度、充电优化、车间调度、发车优化、水库调度、三维装箱、物流选址、货位优化、公交排班优化、充电桩布局优化、车间布局优化、集装箱船配载优化、水泵组合优化、解医疗资源分配优化、设施布局优化、可视域基站和无人机选址优化、背包问题、 风电场布局、时隙分配优化、 最佳分布式发电单元分配、多阶段管道维修、 工厂-中心-需求点三级选址问题、 应急生活物质配送中心选址、 基站选址、 道路灯柱布置、 枢纽节点部署、 输电线路台风监测装置、 集装箱调度、 机组优化、 投资优化组合、云服务器组合优化、 天线线性阵列分布优化、CVRP问题、VRPPD问题、多中心VRP问题、多层网络的VRP问题、多中心多车型的VRP问题、 动态VRP问题、双层车辆路径规划2E-VRP、充电车辆路径规划EVRP、油电混合车辆路径规划、混合流水车间问题、 订单拆分调度问题、 公交车的调度排班优化问题、航班摆渡车辆调度问题、选址路径规划问题、港口调度、港口岸桥调度、停机位分配、机场航班调度、泄漏源定位、冷链、时间窗、多车场等、选址优化、港口岸桥调度优化、交通阻抗、重分配、停机位分配、机场航班调度、通信上传下载分配优化、微电网优化、无功优化、配电网重构、储能配置、有序充电、MPPT优化、家庭用电、电/冷/热负荷预测、电力设备故障诊断、电池管理系统BMSSOC/SOH估算粒子滤波/卡尔曼滤波、 多目标优化在电力系统调度中的应用、光伏MPPT控制算法改进扰动观察法/电导增量法、电动汽车充放电优化、微电网日前日内优化、储能优化、家庭用电优化、供应链优化\智能电网分布式能源经济优化调度虚拟电厂能源消纳风光出力控制策略多目标优化博弈能源调度鲁棒优化等等均可~ 无人机应用方面无人机路径规划、无人机控制、无人机编队、无人机协同、无人机任务分配、无人机安全通信轨迹在线优化、车辆协同无人机路径规划通信方面传感器部署优化、通信协议优化、路由优化、目标定位优化、Dv-Hop定位优化、Leach协议优化、WSN覆盖优化、组播优化、RSSI定位优化、水声通信、通信上传下载分配信号处理方面信号识别、信号加密、信号去噪、信号增强、雷达信号处理、信号水印嵌入提取、肌电信号、脑电信号、信号配时优化、心电信号、DOA估计、编码译码、变分模态分解、管道泄漏、滤波器、数字信号处理传输分析去噪、数字信号调制、误码率、信号估计、DTMF、信号检测电力系统方面 微电网优化、无功优化、配电网重构、储能配置、有序充电、MPPT优化、家庭用电、电/冷/热负荷预测、电力设备故障诊断、电池管理系统BMSSOC/SOH估算粒子滤波/卡尔曼滤波、 多目标优化在电力系统调度中的应用、光伏MPPT控制算法改进扰动观察法/电导增量法、电动汽车充放电优化、微电网日前日内优化、储能优化、家庭用电优化、供应链优化\智能电网分布式能源经济优化调度虚拟电厂能源消纳风光出力控制策略多目标优化博弈能源调度鲁棒优化原创改进优化算法适合需要创新的同学原创改进2025年的波动光学优化算法WOO以及三国优化算法TKOA、白鲸优化算法BWO等任意优化算法均可保证测试函数效果一般可直接核心
✅作者简介热爱科研的Matlab仿真开发者擅长毕业设计辅导、数学建模、数据处理、建模仿真、程序设计、完整代码获取、论文复现及科研仿真。 往期回顾关注个人主页Matlab科研工作室 关注我领取海量matlab电子书和数学建模资料个人信条做科研博学之、审问之、慎思之、明辨之、笃行之是为博学慎思明辨笃行。 内容介绍一、六冲程内燃机循环基础定义六冲程内燃机在传统四冲程的基础上新增2个冲程曲轴旋转3周、活塞完成6次往复运动核心利用燃烧余热喷水汽化实现二次做功主流分为注水余热型和无注水扫气型两类其中克劳尔(Crower)注水式六冲程是热力学建模的核心研究对象。冲程1进气冲程活塞下行进气门开启油气混合气进入气缸冲程2压缩冲程活塞上行进排气门全关压缩混合气至点火压力冲程3燃油做功冲程火花塞点火燃气膨胀推动活塞下行输出动力冲程4一次排气冲程活塞上行排气门开启排出高温废气冲程5注水汽化做功冲程向炽热气缸喷水水瞬间汽化膨胀二次做功冲程6二次排气冲程活塞上行排出全部水蒸气与残余废气二、完整热力学建模方案一维整机热力学系统建模仿真工具选型优先使用内燃机行业标准工具GT-SUITE也可选用AVL Boost、Ricardo Wave完成循环标定、喷水量优化、油耗与效率计算核心部件搭建依次构建气缸、曲轴连杆机构、进排气歧管、喷油器、缸内喷水模块、储水与冷凝回收系统关键参数定义明确缸径、行程、压缩比、排量等几何参数定义空气、汽油、液态水、水蒸气四种工质设置转速、环境温压等边界条件配气相位自定义以曲轴3圈为一个完整循环自定义气门升程曲线精准匹配6个冲程的气门开闭时序这是建模的核心难点水喷射模型设置定义喷射时刻、喷水量、水滴粒径、喷射压力调用软件内置多相流蒸发模型计算水吸热汽化的完整过程求解输出运行后得到缸内瞬时压力、温度、循环功、有效热效率、油耗等核心指标输出P-V示功图、缸压-曲轴转角曲线三维缸内精细CFD建模仿真工具选型使用ANSYS Fluent、CONVERGE或AVL Fire完成缸内流动、喷雾汽化的高精度仿真核心建模内容设置动网格模拟活塞往复运动精准计算水喷雾在高温缸内的蒸发速率、水蒸气分布同时模拟混合气燃烧、废气余热传递、气门换气的全流程多物理场耦合拓展可搭配有限元工具完成缸体热应力、热变形、润滑系统的耦合仿真分析冷热交变应力对缸体材料的影响Matlab/Simulink 学术建模方案搭建零维双区热力学模型自定义6冲程循环的热力学子模块分别定义燃油燃烧放热、水的汽化相变、余热回收的数学方程编写m文件实现循环迭代计算输出完整的示功图、热效率变化曲线适合快速验证理论假设、开展算法层面的优化研究⛳️ 运行结果 部分代码% parameters for the Main_engine.m script%% Angle convention for 6-stroke:% phi 0 deg : TDC1 (start of Stroke A)% Strokes (each 180°):% A: 0–180 intake (head intake valve) [long stroke]% B: 180–360 compression #1 [long stroke]% C: 360–540 combustion/expansion #1 ( late EVO) [long stroke]% D: 540–720 scavengemix compression #2 [short stroke]% E: 720–900 combustion/expansion #2 [short stroke]% F: 900–1080 exhaust (head exhaust valve) [long stroke]% -------------------------------------------------------------------------% Bart Blockmans, 2024 - bartblockmans.net% -------------------------------------------------------------------------% % OPERATING CONDITIONS ENGINE LAYOUT% params.N_rpm 2000; % Engine speed [rpm]params.N_cyl 1; % Number of cylinders [-]% % GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS% % Parameters used in simulation% -------------------------------------------------------------------------params.B 100; % cylinder bore [mm]params.Rr 100; % ring gear pitch radius [mm]params.Rp 60; % planet gear pitch radius [mm]params.mn 4; % Normal modulus gears [mm]params.delta 20; % offset of connecting rod [mm]params.L 200; % lenth of connecting rod [mm]params.Vc 8e4; % clearance volume (at highest TDC) [mm³]params.psi0 pi/2; % body-fixed angle of connecting rod [rad]% Parameters used for animation% -------------------------------------------------------------------------params.H 60; % total piston height [mm]params.Hc 5; % cylinder clearance height [mm]params.Rcw 80; % counter weight crank shaft radius [mm]params.Rc 100; % top of the cylinder radius [mm]params.Ds 30; % crank shaft diameter [mm]params.Do 224; % ring gear outside diameter [mm]params.Di 96; % planet gear inside diameter [mm]params.to 10; % rim thickness ring gear [mm]params.tw 15; % wall thickness cylinder [mm]params.Rcra 12.5; % crank shaft radius [mm]params.Rcr1 20; % connecting rod large radius [mm]params.Rcr2 10; % connecting rod small radius [mm]params.Rpis 10; % piston hinge radius [mm]params.yb 330; % igniter mount height [mm]params.bb 20; % igniter height [mm]% % FLAT-SIX ENGINE LAYOUT% % Cylinder offset angles (from 180° spacing)params.cyl_offset [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; % [deg, deg, deg, deg, deg, deg]% % MANIFOLDS SCAVENGE PORT PARAMETERS% params.p_int 1.05e5; % intake plenum [Pa]params.T_int 315; % intake temp [K]params.p_exh 1.15e5; % exhaust plenum [Pa]params.T_exh 800; % exhaust temp [K]params.p_scav 1.20e5; % scavenge supply [Pa] (can be boosted)params.T_scav 320; % scavenge temp [K]params.p_crank 1.00e5; % crankcase (for net piston force)% % FUEL, CHEMISTRY SPLIT BETWEEN BURNS% params.LHV 44e6; % gasoline-like [J/kg]params.AFR_st 14.7; % stoichiometric air/fuel (mass) [-]params.YO2_air 0.232; % O2 mass fraction in air [-]params.YO2_exh 0.00; % O2 fraction in exhaust plenum [-]params.eta_comb1 0.97; % combustion efficiency burn #1 [-]params.eta_comb2 0.97; % combustion efficiency burn #2 [-]params.mdot_fuel 4.5e-4; % [kg/s] per cylinderparams.fuel_split 0.70; % fraction to burn #1 (rest to burn #2) [-]% Compute O2 required for stoichiometric combustionparams.nu_O2 params.AFR_st * params.YO2_air; % ~3.41 kgO2/kg fuel% % COMBUSTION TIMING (WIEBE PER BURN)% % Burn #1 (stroke C: 360–540°)params.soc1 345; % start of combustion #1 [deg]params.dur1 45; % duration #1 [deg]params.m1 2.0; % Wiebe mparams.a1 6.9; % Wiebe a (~99% mass-fraction burned)% Burn #2 (stroke E: 720–900°)params.soc2 725; % start of combustion #2 [deg]params.dur2 40; % duration #2 [deg]params.m2 2.0; % Wiebe mparams.a2 6.9; % Wiebe a% % VALVE PORT TIMING GEOMETRY% % Head intake valve (stroke A)params.IVO_A -20; % (wraps to 1060) open just before 0params.IVC_A 140; % closes well before 180params.D_int 0.032; % inlet diameter [m]params.Lift_int 0.008; % inlet lift [m]params.Cd_int 0.80; % discharge coefficient for inlet% Head exhaust valve: late blowdown in C full exhaust in F% Split into two windows: C blowdown and F exhaust (kept closed during D,E)params.EVO_C1 440; % open blowdown late in Cparams.EVC_C1 580; % close before scavenge / compression-2params.EVO_F1 900; % open for exhaust stroke Fparams.EVC_F1 1080; % close at end of cycleparams.D_exh 0.027; % exhaust diameter [m]params.Lift_exh 0.007; % exhaust lift [m]params.Cd_exh 0.80; % discharge coefficient for exhaust% Scavenge ports: around BDC2 into early D (540–660)% params.SP_open 480; % open at BDC2 (automatically computed)% params.SP_close 600; % close early in D (automatically computed)params.SP_perim 0.140; % total perimeter of port windows [m]params.SP_hmax 0.009; % max effective port height [m]params.Cd_scav 0.85; % discharge coefficient for ports% % GAS PROPERTIES HEAT TRANSFER% % Gas propertiesparams.R_mix 287; % air-like gas constant [J/(kg K)]params.cp 1005; % constant specific heat capacity [J/(kg K)]% Woschni heat-transfer coefficientsparams.C1_wosch 3.26; % correlation constant (SI units, p in bar)params.C2_wosch 6.18; % pseudo-velocity constantparams.T_wall 450; % average wall temperature [K]% Adiabatic indexparams.gamma params.cp/(params.cp - params.R_mix); % gamma cp/cv% % SCAVENGE ALGEBRAIC MODEL PARAMETERS% % Trapping efficiency for fresh scavenge air (fraction of inflow that stays)params.eta_tr 0.90; % 0.8–0.95 typical with good uniflow% Residual displacement efficiency: additional mass expelled per unit trapped inflowparams.eta_mix 0.35; % 0.2–0.5 (tunes residual removal without CFD)% Under-relaxation for burn-2 O2 cap between cyclesparams.lambda2_relax 0.5; % relaxation factor [-]% % NUMERICAL PARAMETERS% params.maxCycles 100; % maximum number of cycles to iterateparams.cycleTol 1e-3; % convergence tolerance on state norm [Pa kg]params.phiSpan [0 1080]; % crank-angle span [deg]params.phiGrid linspace(0,1080,2161); % desired output grid [deg] (0.5 deg)% % FULL ENGINE PARAMETERS% % Mass and inertiaparams.mp 0.65; % Piston mass, including conrod [kg]params.mpg 1.2; % Planetary gear mass [kg]params.Jp 1.5e-3; % Planetary gear inertia [kg·m^2]params.Jc 0.15; % Carrier inertia [kg·m^2]params.Jo 0.045; % Output side inertia [kg·m^2]% Gear meshparams.k_mesh_avg 2.5e7; % Average mesh stiffness along LOA [N/m]params.k_mesh_amp 0.25e7; % 1st-order amplitude mesh stiffness [N/m]params.c_mesh 2.0e2; % Mesh damping along LOA [Ns/m]% Dual-mass flywheel (DMF)params.k_dmf 3.0e4; % DMF torsional stiffness [Nm/rad]params.c_dmf 10; % DMF torsional damping [Nms/rad]params.phi_dmf0 0; % DMF preload [rad]% Pre-DMF losses (engine friction accessories)params.loss.T_fric_const 10; % constant friction [N·m]params.loss.T_fric_visc 0.02; % viscous friction [N·m·s]params.loss.T_acc_const 2; % accessory drag [N·m]params.loss.T_acc_visc 0.01; % accessory viscous drag [N·m·s]% DMF simulation controlsparams.sim.n_cycles_dmf 4; % number of 1080° windows to settle DMFparams.sim.ode_rel_tol 1e-5; % relative tolerance for ODE solverparams.sim.ode_abs_tol 1e-5; % absolute tolerance for ODE solverparams.sim.ode_max_step 1e-3; % maximum step size for ODE solver [s]params.sim.ode_show_progress true;% % ANIMATION PARAMETERS% % Number of framesparams.nf_anim 100;% Line widthparams.LW 1.5;% Colorsparams.colors.cyl [186 197 204] / 255; % Cylinder colorparams.colors.rod [204 203 172] / 255; % Connecting rod colorparams.colors.cw [159 163 130] / 255; % Counterweight colorparams.colors.gear [112 146 190] / 255; % Planet gear body colorparams.colors.pis [119 114 113] / 255; % Piston colorparams.colors.cham [202 208 234] / 255; % Chamber underneath piston colorparams.colors.valve [215 245 246] / 255; % Valve colorparams.colors.boog [149 142 141] / 255; % Boogie colorparams.colors.cam [186 197 204] / 255; % Cam colorparams.colors.man [202 208 234] / 255; % Empty manifold color% Particle simulationparams.particles.anim 0; % Animate particles? 1 yesparams.particles.np 200; % # particles regular intakeparams.particles.np_scav 120; % # particles per scavenge portparams.particles.phi_A 0.2; % target area fraction of particles in cavityparams.particles.speedRms 10; % RMS of initial velocity distribution [m/s]params.particles.contactP 1; % Contact between particles? 1 yes 参考文献更多创新智能优化算法模型和应用场景可扫描关注机器学习/深度学习类BP、SVM、RVM、DBN、LSSVM、ELM、KELM、HKELM、DELM、RELM、DHKELM、RF、SAE、LSTM、BiLSTM、GRU、BiGRU、PNN、CNN、XGBoost、LightGBM、TCN、BiTCN、ESN、Transformer、模糊小波神经网络、宽度学习等等均可~方向涵盖风电预测、光伏预测、电池寿命预测、辐射源识别、交通流预测、负荷预测、股价预测、PM2.5浓度预测、电池健康状态预测、用电量预测、水体光学参数反演、NLOS信号识别、地铁停车精准预测、变压器故障诊断组合预测类CNN/TCN/BiTCN/DBN/Transformer/Adaboost结合SVM、RVM、ELM、LSTM、BiLSTM、GRU、BiGRU、Attention机制类等均可可任意搭配非常新颖~分解类EMD、EEMD、VMD、REMD、FEEMD、TVFEMD、CEEMDAN、ICEEMDAN、SVMD、FMD、JMD等分解模型均可~路径规划类旅行商问题TSP、车辆路径问题VRP、MVRP、CVRP、VRPTW等、无人机三维路径规划、无人机协同、无人机编队、机器人路径规划、栅格地图路径规划、多式联运运输问题、 充电车辆路径规划EVRP、 双层车辆路径规划2E-VRP、 油电混合车辆路径规划、 船舶航迹规划、 全路径规划规划、 仓储巡逻、公交车时间调度、水库调度优化、多式联运优化等等~小众优化类生产调度、经济调度、装配线调度、充电优化、车间调度、发车优化、水库调度、三维装箱、物流选址、货位优化、公交排班优化、充电桩布局优化、车间布局优化、集装箱船配载优化、水泵组合优化、解医疗资源分配优化、设施布局优化、可视域基站和无人机选址优化、背包问题、 风电场布局、时隙分配优化、 最佳分布式发电单元分配、多阶段管道维修、 工厂-中心-需求点三级选址问题、 应急生活物质配送中心选址、 基站选址、 道路灯柱布置、 枢纽节点部署、 输电线路台风监测装置、 集装箱调度、 机组优化、 投资优化组合、云服务器组合优化、 天线线性阵列分布优化、CVRP问题、VRPPD问题、多中心VRP问题、多层网络的VRP问题、多中心多车型的VRP问题、 动态VRP问题、双层车辆路径规划2E-VRP、充电车辆路径规划EVRP、油电混合车辆路径规划、混合流水车间问题、 订单拆分调度问题、 公交车的调度排班优化问题、航班摆渡车辆调度问题、选址路径规划问题、港口调度、港口岸桥调度、停机位分配、机场航班调度、泄漏源定位、冷链、时间窗、多车场等、选址优化、港口岸桥调度优化、交通阻抗、重分配、停机位分配、机场航班调度、通信上传下载分配优化、微电网优化、无功优化、配电网重构、储能配置、有序充电、MPPT优化、家庭用电、电/冷/热负荷预测、电力设备故障诊断、电池管理系统BMSSOC/SOH估算粒子滤波/卡尔曼滤波、 多目标优化在电力系统调度中的应用、光伏MPPT控制算法改进扰动观察法/电导增量法、电动汽车充放电优化、微电网日前日内优化、储能优化、家庭用电优化、供应链优化\智能电网分布式能源经济优化调度虚拟电厂能源消纳风光出力控制策略多目标优化博弈能源调度鲁棒优化等等均可~ 无人机应用方面无人机路径规划、无人机控制、无人机编队、无人机协同、无人机任务分配、无人机安全通信轨迹在线优化、车辆协同无人机路径规划通信方面传感器部署优化、通信协议优化、路由优化、目标定位优化、Dv-Hop定位优化、Leach协议优化、WSN覆盖优化、组播优化、RSSI定位优化、水声通信、通信上传下载分配信号处理方面信号识别、信号加密、信号去噪、信号增强、雷达信号处理、信号水印嵌入提取、肌电信号、脑电信号、信号配时优化、心电信号、DOA估计、编码译码、变分模态分解、管道泄漏、滤波器、数字信号处理传输分析去噪、数字信号调制、误码率、信号估计、DTMF、信号检测电力系统方面 微电网优化、无功优化、配电网重构、储能配置、有序充电、MPPT优化、家庭用电、电/冷/热负荷预测、电力设备故障诊断、电池管理系统BMSSOC/SOH估算粒子滤波/卡尔曼滤波、 多目标优化在电力系统调度中的应用、光伏MPPT控制算法改进扰动观察法/电导增量法、电动汽车充放电优化、微电网日前日内优化、储能优化、家庭用电优化、供应链优化\智能电网分布式能源经济优化调度虚拟电厂能源消纳风光出力控制策略多目标优化博弈能源调度鲁棒优化原创改进优化算法适合需要创新的同学原创改进2025年的波动光学优化算法WOO以及三国优化算法TKOA、白鲸优化算法BWO等任意优化算法均可保证测试函数效果一般可直接核心
